B provide a brief description of the distribution and the morphology of the dendrobium section callista and of d. They are all related to, and are best represented by the species dendrobium nobile. Dendrobium orchids production has steadily increased in india with well. Start watering and fertilizing after new growth begins in the spring. Morphological effects of induced polyploidy in dendrobium. Orchid classification has been poorly understood because of the lack of fossil records, the large number of species, and a historical emphasis on characters related to floral morphology. I am really excited to share with you my dendrobium orchid plant which has put out three spikes. Characterization of c and dclass madsbox genes in orchids. Dendrobium with wide variety of colours and shapes h as high demand in international floriculture market. Floral morphology and reproductive biology of dendrobium. Variability in flower is important for new variety to. Dendrobium acanthophippiiflorum dendrobium acerosum dendrobium acianthum dendrobium aciculare dendrobium acinaciforme. Sections dendrobium and callista that were nested together, have similar vegetative characters such as dorsiventrally leaves, flower structure, flowering longevity.
Dendrobium orchids do not produce extensive root systems so they thrive in smaller spaces. The stem morphology of these three dendrobium species was significantly different except for stem internodes number and the middle part of the stem diameter by measuring the stems of dendrobium. To ensure the safe use of dendrobium, we built a fast and convenient method combining normal and fluorescence microscopy was applied in the present. Dendrobium sonia is a commercial hybrid which is popular as cut flower and potted plant in malaysia. Thus, there are many types the group is divided into sections of dendrobiums with different cultural. Water heavily and fertilize regularly throughout the growing season.
Increased flower width and broader petals and sepals. The authors hope that this ipm production manual for dendrobium orchids. The flower was borne at the upper nodes of an older leafless stem occasionally with two or more flowers on a single inflorescence. Floral plantsphenology and morphology flowering cf. A novel case of autogamy and cleistogamy in dendrobium.
Dendrobium pulchellum is a gentle flower that grows only in cold to clement temperatures, flowering only from the end of winter into spring. Dendrobium is the most important cut flower orchid in the world. Jan 12, 2019 the stem morphology of these three dendrobium species was significantly different except for stem internodes number and the middle part of the stem diameter by measuring the stems of dendrobium. Also known as the nobiles and seminobile dendrobiums. Get pdf 1 mb abstract morphology, yield and breeding behavior of eleven diploid dendrobium species hybrids and their corresponding colchicineinduced amphidiploids from intersectional combinations of ceratobium x eleutheroalossum. Pdf genetic relatedness among dendrobium orchidaceae. Inflorescence photos by takato natsu from japan and his japan orchids page. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast asia, including china, japan, india, the philippines, indonesia, australia, new guinea, vietnam and many of the islands of the pacific. We first characterised flower bud development in the dendrobium hybrid into seven stages then used scanning electron microscopy to determine adaxial epidermal cell patterns in the flower perianth. Although the mechanisms underlying their perianth development have been intensively studied, the molecular basis of reproductive organ development in orchids remains largely unknown.
Flower morphology of dendrobium sonia mutants international. They are bred from the eponym wild dendrobium nobile, combined with various other species to improve flower count, size, shape, colours, etc. The orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are. I have been caring for this since about november 2010 when i. A lot of effort has been made to get a wide range of flower colours. Because care requirements vary, dendrobiums have been classified into sections according to care requirements. They have a distinct growing period, and a dry cooler rest, during which the flower buds are. Reduce water and fertilizer as fall begins to prepare for. Their life cycle consists of three stages, which include the flowering stage winter to spring, the growing phase summer to autumn and dormancy late autumn to winter. Dendrobium hybrid culture nobile type dendrobium hybrids only. Pdf dendrobium consists of 1600 species of sympodial epiphytic orchids.
Phalaenopsis is known as moth orchid because the flowers resem ble a flying moth. For the section dendrobium, the plants are either erect nobile type or pendulous seminobile type with leaves all along the canes that often drop with cool, drier weather. The dendrobium dendrohbeeum orchid is a large and diverse genus. The apostasia genome and the evolution of orchids pdf.
Morphology, yield and breeding behavior of eleven diploid dendrobium species hybrids and their corresponding colchicineinduced amphidiploids from intersectional combinations of ceratobium x eleutheroalossum. Seed morphological characteristics from all collected species were examined using quantitative traits descriptors. For any successful attempt at classification and at understanding any higher plant or for that. The specialized leaf anatomy for species of dendrobium within section aporum is similar to that of. Seed germination of orchids is very important for the production of hybrids.
Dendrobium nobile hybrids are seldom seen at retail outlets, unlike the ubiquitous dendrobium phalaenopsis hybrids which you are probably familiar with. Whole vegetative plants of the transgenic lines showed about 50% of the basal ethylene production rate, while the increase in ethylene production in floral buds during opening and open flowers prior. The flowers were exquisite and showy which exhibit different shapes and colours, the largest flower was recorded in d. Most of the species began to sprout new shoots during spring season. A good quality cut flower of an orchid should have the following characteristics 5. Aug 21, 2016 dendrobium orchids with their profuse, delicate blooms are hugely popular with many a greenfingered connoisseur. Do not plant this flower in a large planter or directly in the ground as it prefers the security of a tighter space. May 07, 2020 these dendrobium orchids feature spindleshaped, elongated stems that reach up to 1 m in length. Pedilonum in lip structure, undulations at apex of lip, a. Individual flowers are borne on spikes, that arise from where the outermost leaf meets the pseudobulb. Reference a domads1 dendrobium madame thongin ap1agl9 af198174 yu and goh, 2000 domads2 d. However, there are no offspring within the limited progenies that fully inherit this odor trait. With the study of morphological diversity of 8 orchid genera, 53 descriptors in cattleya, 62 descriptors in cymbidium, 52 descriptors in dendrobium, 61 descriptors in mokara, 60 descriptors in.
Two third of the stem should be covered with the flowers. Phillips jesup of all the types of orchids a beginning grower may acquire, dendrobiums will probably be the most challenging to learn to grow and flower. One distinct characteristic of this dendrobium species is the dovelike flower. Dendrobiums are popular for cut flowers and for interioscaping. Dendrobium pulchellum can be acknowledged from its fairly large white flower petals with remnants of purple and yellow pigments. Common name the insignificant lipped dendrobium flower size 1. Flower morphology free download as powerpoint presentation. The objectives of this research were to examine the histology of flower color, cloning and. All orchids are perennial herbs that lack any permanent woody structure. Morphology, yield and breeding behavior of diploid dendrobium.
Dendrobium jiajiangense, with orangeyellow and fragrant. Root is defined as the descending part of the plant axis. Orchids members of the orchidaceae family possess unique flower morphology and adaptive reproduction strategies. At the base of the stems are sympodial pseudobulbs that measure up to 12 cm long and 2. The genetic diversity of the dendrobium genus is not well known wang et al.
The main attraction of dendrobium hybrid relative to other potted orchids is their floriferous flower sprays, wide range of colors, sizes. Minimum eight standard blooms per stem flowers must be cleaned, evenly colored and free from physiological disorders stem must have flowers evenly arranged and around the stem. Jul 20, 2020 four dendrobium sonia earsakul lines were generated by insertion of one, two or three antisense copies of a carica papaya gene encoding 1aminocyclopropane1carboxylic acid oxidase cpaco. May 16, 2020 through an investigation of the morphology, structure, size, water content, and dry matter content of pseudobulbs, leaves and flowers and through the construction of a phylogenetic tree, we used phylogenetic independent contrast pic analysis to explore the evolutionary relationships between different structures of dendrobium and the. One to five flowers form at the nodes on the leafless canes in midwinter through early spring. Dendrobium, sections aporum and rhizobium orchidaceae 1997. Dark necrotic flecks are common on fieldcultivated dendrobium inoculation. According to differences in morphology, dendrobium can be divided into dozens. Some dendrobium species have long, canelike pseudobulbs with short, rounded leaves. In chapter s 2 and 3, we talked about classification of plants based on morphological and other characteristics. The flowers in hawaii and are a significant factor in quality reduction. Most of the flower pictures are aos award slides which can be lifted.
Miltonia orchids have large flowers that make them ideal for bo uquets and perfumes as well as indoor flowers. Dendrobium the longer the inflorescence the more the numbers of flower bearing. Dendrobium orchids care pollen nation serenata flowers. According to differences in morphology, dendrobium can be divided into dozens of varieties, including dendrobium officinale, dendrobium nobile, dendrobium huoshanense, dendrobium chrysanthum, dendrobium loddigesii, dendrobium fimbriatum, and so on. Dendrobium, induced mutation, breeding, flower morphology introduction dendrobium genus accounts for 7080 % of tropical orchid plant and flower trade. In the dendrobium genus, autopolyploidyresults in increased floral pieces with larger sizes and widths of petalsandor sepals as well as greater durability of flowering, greater fertility anda decreased number of flowers per pseudobulb chaicharoen and aejew 1981, chaicharoen 1995, mcconnell and kamemoto 1993, ketsa et al. Understanding the chemical, histological and molecular aspects of flower color is crucial for the development of breeding strategies for novel colors.
Colchicineinduced tetraploidy in dendrobium cariniferum and. Anchor rods are placed around the perimeter of the structure and secured into the. Bechtel dh, p cribb, e launert 1992 the manual of cultivated. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of two agamous ag like mads. Dendrobium hybrid culture nobile type dendrobium hybrids only dendrobium is a genus of orchids with over different species from several continents and many different growing areas. Modulations in seed micromorphology reveal signature of. Essay on characteristics and morphology of dendrobium 858 words 4 pages orchidaceae, the second largest plant family, is the most diverse and highly evolved amongst angiosperms which constitute about 40% of the monocotyledonous taxa.
Dendrobium is a huge genus, widespread throughout asia and diverse in morphology. The genera are characterized by long pseudobulbs or canes with soft leaves on entire length or in some species, pseudobulbs are. C provide a brief description of the distribution and the morphology of the dendrobium section dendrobium and of d. The leaves are thick, leathery, oblong, and deciduous. Madame thon g in ap1agl9 af198175 yu and goh, 2000. Phalaenanthe x ceratobium and phalaenanthe x eleutheroalossum were compared. Bechtel dh, p cribb, e launert 1992 the manual of cultivated orchid. Dendrobium consists of 1600 species of sympodial epiphytic orchids. Mar 26, 2021 plant your dendrobium orchid in a small pot.
Morphological and microscopic identification of three major. This is a list with the accepted names and their common names. These cultural instructions apply only to the subgroup that come from asia. The reason is that the genus dendrobium dendrohbeeum contains more than 1,000 species and is exceedingly diverse. Evolutionary correlation of waterrelated traits between. Etiology of necrotic flecks on dendrobium blossoms.
Comparative leaf anatomy and systematics in dendrobium. Dendrobium is a genus of 1190 orchids from the orchid family orchidaceae. Genetic transformation and analysis of protein protein. Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family orchidaceae. Flower morphology of dendrobium moniliforme wildtype a, the double petal mutants b and the peloric mutant c. The orchid flower consists of three sepals and three petals that are arranged in a whorl and a reproductive column. Reproductive phenology and morphological analysis of indian. These orchids can be found from southeast asia and extend to islands below australia from mountains to valleys.
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